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1.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 56(4): 329-334, dic. 2006. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-462870

ABSTRACT

Estudios realizados en humanos y animales han mostrado que la baja ingesta de vitamina A puede provocar anemia, sin embargo, aún no se conocen los mecanismos etiopatogénicos involucrados en tal proceso, lo cual puede ser debido a las complejas interacciones de los micronutrientes entre sí y con el sistema inmune. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las concentraciones séricas del Interferón gamma (IFN- g) y la Interleucina 10 (IL-10) en niños anémicos y no anémicos según el estado nutricional de la vitamina A. Para ello, se estudiaron 53 niños eutróficos (45-77 meses; F=29, M=24), procedentes de Maracaibo-Venezuela, en quienes se evaluó: la presencia de anemia mediante el análisis de la concentración de hemoglobina, según los criterios de la OMS (Hb<110g/L <60 meses, Hb<115g/L >60 meses); y el estado de la vitamina A por la técnica de Citología de Impresión Conjuntival (CIC), considerando la prueba de CIC Normal=suficiencia de vitamina A y CIC Anormal=DVA. Asimismo, fueron determinadas las concentraciones séricas de las citocinas (IFN-gamma e IL-10) en pg/mL con el método de ELISA. Los datos fueron analizados con el programa estadístico SAS/STAT, los grupos fueron comparadas aplicando ANOVA (p<0,05). En nuestros resultados la prevalencia de anemia observada fue de 75,50 por ciento; DVA 50,94 por ciento y de Anemia+DVA 35,86 por ciento. Los niños anémicos con DVA mostraron valores séricos significativamente más bajos de IFN- g e IL-10 que el resto de los grupos. Esta alteración de los complejos mecanismos regulatorios del sistema inmunitario pudiera ser un elemento responsable de los trastornos en la formación de los eritrocitos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Anemia , Interferon-gamma , Vitamin A , Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Pediatrics , Venezuela
2.
Biocell ; 25(3): 235-255, Dec. 2001.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-335872

ABSTRACT

Confocal laser scanning microscopy of hamster cerebellar granular layer showed in montages of z-series the presence of small, medium and large granule cells. A granule cell Golgi cell ratio of 50/4 was observed surrounding glomerular regions. Field emission high resolution scanning electron microscopy of mouse cerebellar granular and molecular layers showed SE-I images of the outer and inner surfaces of nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments of chromium coated granule cells and the axo-spinodendritic synapses of parallel fibers with Purkinje cell dendrites. Conventional scanning electron microscopy of teleost fish cerebellar cortex showed three dimensional morphology of granule cell soma and processes and the synaptic relationship with mossy and climbing fibers, Golgi cell axonal ramifications and dendrites of stellate neurons, by means of SE-II and SE-III signal image mode, in sagittally and transversally cryofractured cerebellar cortex. SE-II images of the non-synaptic segments and synaptic varicosities of parallel fiber outer surface were characterized in the molecular layer. Ultrathin sections of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed somato-somatic, dendro-somatic and dendro-dendritic like-desmosomal and like-hemidesmosomal junctions in human cerebellar granule cells. Freeze-etching replicas of mouse cerebellar cortex displayed granule cell intramembrane morphology, cytoplasmic fractured face and the Bergman glial cell cytoplasm completely surrounding the parallel fibers in the molecular layer. The mossy fiber-granule cell dendrite synaptic relationship was observed in sagittally and transversally cryofractured cerebellar cortex and correlated with TEM images. SE-II images of the climbing fiber synaptic connections with granule cell dendrites were obtained in teleost fish cerebellar cortex. One to one axo-dendritic synaptic contacts between Golgi cell axonal ramifications and granule cell dendrites were also seen. The above findings provide new vistas for future studies dealing with intracortical circuits and information processing in the cerebellar cortex.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Female , Cricetinae , Mice , Cerebellum , Neurons/ultrastructure , Catfishes , Freeze Etching , Freeze Fracturing , Microscopy, Confocal , Microscopy, Electron
3.
Biocell ; 24(3): 197-212, Dec. 2000.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-335898

ABSTRACT

The intracortical pathways of climbing fibers were traced in several vertebrate cerebella using light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. They were identified as fine fibers up to 1(micron thick, with a characteristic crossing-over bifurcation pattern. Climbing fiber collaterals were tridimensionally visualized forming thin climbing fiber glomeruli in the granular layer. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed three types of collateral processes at the interface between granular and Purkinje cell layers. Scanning electron microscopy showed climbing fiber retrograde collaterals in the molecular layer. Asymmetric synaptic contacts of climbing fibers with Purkinje dendritic spines and stellate neuron dendrites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Correlative microscopy allowed us to obtain the basic three-dimensional morphological features of climbing fibers in several vertebrates and to show with more accuracy a higher degree of lateral collateralization of these fibers within the cerebellar cortex. The correlative microscopy approach provides new views in the cerebellar cortex information processing.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Guinea Pigs , Mice , Axons/ultrastructure , Purkinje Cells/ultrastructure , Cerebellar Cortex/ultrastructure , Dendrites , Neural Pathways , Olivary Nucleus/ultrastructure , Axons/physiology , Purkinje Cells/physiology , Cerebellar Cortex/physiology , Dendrites , Fishes , Macaca mulatta , Neural Pathways , Olivary Nucleus/physiology , Trout
4.
Biocell ; 24(1): 13-30, Apr. 2000.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-335917

ABSTRACT

The cerebellar Golgi cells of mouse, teleost fish, primate and human species have been studied by means of light and Golgi light microscopic techniques, confocal laser scanning microscopy, slicing technique, ethanol-cryofracturing and freeze-fracture methods for scanning electron microscopy and ultrathin sectioning and freeze-etching replicas for transmission electron microscopy. The Golgi cells appeared in the granular layer as polygonal, stellate, round or fusiform macroneurons surrounded by the granule cell groups. They exhibited ascending dendrites toward the molecular layer and horizontal dendrites and a short beaded axonal plexus confined to the granular layer. Scanning electron microscopy revealed their three-dimensional neuronal geometry and smooth outer surfaces. Freeze-fracture method for SEM showed the stereospatial cytoplasmic arrangement of endoplasmic reticulum, cell organelles and nuclear envelope. By means of transmission electron microscopy the asymmetric synaptic connections of Golgi cell horizontal dendrites--with mossy fiber rosettes at the cerebellar glomerulus--and of Golgi cell axons--with granule cell dendrites at the periphery of glomerular region--were identified. At the molecular layer, Golgi cell ascending dendrites exhibited short neckless spines establishing asymmetric contacts with granule cell axons or parallel fibers. Shaft asymmetric axodendritic and axospinodendritic contacts between Golgi cell dendrites and climbing fibers were also found in the molecular layer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Female , Cricetinae , Mice , Cerebellar Cortex/cytology , Neurons/ultrastructure , Catfishes , Cerebellar Cortex/ultrastructure , Macaca mulatta , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/methods , Microscopy, Confocal , Trout
5.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 48(3): 250-5, Sept. 1998. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-226073

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las características nutricionales de una galleta formulada con plasma sanguíneo de bovino como fuente principal de proteína. Se preparó una mezcla con plasmas de bovino, harina de trigo, azúcar o sal, condimentos y aceite vegetal. La mezcla fue colocada en bandejas y horneada a 120 grados Celsius durante 1 hora. Al producto final se le determinó humedad, grasa, proteína, carbohidratos, contenido calórico, cenizas, hierro, aminoácidos esenciales, ácidos grasos esenciales, digestibilidad aparente, relación eficiencia proteica (PER), aceptabilidad y tolerancia. Los resultados indican que 100 g de la galleta contienen 5g de humedad, 16g de grasa, 16g de proteína, 61,4g de carbohidratos, 408,2 Kcal de energía metabolizable, 1,59g de cenizas, 1,9mg de hierro y 6,59g de aminoácidos esenciales. Los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados se encuentran en mayor proporción que los ácidos grasos saturados. Los resultados indican también que 100g de la galleta aportan por lo menos 20 por ciento de los requerimientos diarios de calorías, 24 por ciento de hierro y entre el 30 al 50 por ciento del requerimiento proteico diario en escolares. La digestibilidad y el PER, evaluados en ratas, fueron de 88,4 por ciento y 2,32 respectivamente. La aceptabilidad evaluada en niños fue de 97 por ciento y no se reportó intolerancia al producto en un período de seis meses de evaluación. La galleta pudiera ser incluida como complemento proteico y energético en los programas de merienda escolar.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Cattle , Rats , Food, Formulated , Nutritive Value , Plasma , Proteins , Amino Acids, Essential/analysis , Digestion , Energy Intake , Fatty Acids/analysis , Iron/analysis , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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